Symmetrical Composition
Symmetrical composition (horizontally or vertically) in the frame, mostly conveying a sense of balance, harmony, dignity, and stability.
Rule of Thirds Composition
Dividing the frame into thirds (rule of thirds) and placing key visual elements at the intersections or lines to enhance the frame's sense of layering.
Framing Composition
Using objects in the foreground to frame the main subject, increasing the frame's depth and guiding the viewer's sight.
Asymmetrical Composition
Asymmetrical composition in the frame, attracting attention through imbalance, mostly expressing conflict, instability, or a dynamic feeling.
Centered Composition
Positioning the main subject at the center of the frame to highlight it.
Leading Lines Composition
Utilizing lines in the frame (such as roads, rivers, etc.) to guide the viewer's gaze.
Single Light Source
A single primary light source, typically a key light, is used to create strong light-shadow contrast and dramatic effects.
Dual Light Sources
Two light sources are employed; commonly, an additional fill light is added alongside the key light to reduce shadow intensity and enhance the sense of layering in the frame.
Multiple Light Sources
Three or more light sources are used to achieve more complex lighting effects and rich layering.
Front Light
The light source illuminates from the front, brightening the subject's front side evenly with reduced shadows.
Side Light
The light source illuminates from the side, creating distinct light-shadow contrast, strengthening the subject's three-dimensionality and texture—ideal for highlighting textures and depth.
Back Light
The light source illuminates from behind the subject, making its edges glow to enhance depth and three-dimensionality. It is suitable for separating the subject from the background and creating contour effects.
Bottom Light
The light source illuminates from below, producing dramatic effects. It is often used in horror or bizarre scenes to enhance a sense of mystery.
Front-Side Light
Combining the properties of front light and side light, it clearly renders facial features while enhancing the sense of layering.
Back-Side Light
Integrating the characteristics of side light and back light, the subject is mostly in shadow, yet its layers and contours remain clearly visible.
Top Light
The light source illuminates from above, boosting the subject's three-dimensionality but may cast unnatural shadows on the face—suited for expressing specific atmospheres or styles.
Hard Light
Intense direct light, producing distinct shadows and high contrast
Diffused Light
Light that undergoes multiple reflections, resulting in an even illumination effect.